Power Generation and Renewables

Coal-Fired Assets

Our engineering and design services have been utilized for generation of general arrangement drawings, electrical one-line, schematic and physical wiring diagrams, piping drawings, P&IDs, procurement specifications, installation specifications, hydraulic flow analysis, piping stress analysis, operating system procedure development and field engineering services.

Typical projects for which services have been rendered include:

• Generating Station Balance-of-Plant Additions, Replacements and Upgrades
  • Feedwater Heater / Deaerator Replacements
  • Feedwater Pump Replacements
  • Boiler Igniter Replacements
  • Boiler Combustion Controls Upgrades
  • Turbine Controls Upgrades
  • Generator Step-up Transformer Replacements
  • River Water Pump House & Supply Pipeline Addition
  • Platforms
  • Transformer, Breaker and other BOP equipment Replacements
  • Arc Flash, Short Circuit, Protective Device Coordination and Grounding Studies
• Generating Station Environmental Controls
  • Fly Ash Handling System
  • Bottom Ash Handling System
  • Mercury Sorbent System
  • Gas Turbine Fog Intercooling and NOx Water Injection Systems
• Water Treatment Systems
• High Pressure Piping and Pipe Support Design
  • Cogeneration Steam Export
  • Combined Cycle – Small Bore Piping Installation
• HVAC / Heat Recovery Projects
• Fire Protection System Engineering and Design

Natural Gas-Fired Assets

Our engineering and design services have been utilized for generation of general arrangement drawings, electrical one-line, schematic and physical wiring diagrams, piping drawings, P&IDs, procurement specifications, installation specifications, hydraulic flow analysis, piping stress analysis, operating system procedure development and field engineering services.

Typical projects for which services have been rendered include:

• New Simple Cycle Generating Station Engineering and Design
• Generating Station Balance-of-Plant Additions, Replacements and Upgrades
  • Feedwater Heater / Deaerator Replacements
  • Feedwater Pump Replacements
  • Boiler Igniter Replacements
  • Boiler Combustion Controls Upgrades
  • Turbine Controls Upgrades
  • Generator Step-up Transformer Replacements
  • River Water Pump House & Supply Pipeline Addition
  • Platforms
  • Transformer, Breaker and other BOP equipment Replacements
  • Arc Flash, Short Circuit, Protective Device Coordination and Grounding Studies
• Generating Station Environmental Controls
  • SCR NH3 Storage/Injection Systems
  • Gas Turbine Fog Intercooling and NOx Water Injection Systems
• Water Treatment Systems
• High Pressure Piping and Pipe Support Design
  • Cogeneration Steam Export
  • Combined Cycle – Small Bore Piping Installation
• HVAC / Heat Recovery Projects
• Fire Protection System Engineering and Design

Solar

Imperia has expertise in designing renewable energy systems including solar photovoltaic (PV). Our services include conceptual designs such as roof or site surveys, shading analysis, conceptual layouts, development of equipment lists, and life cycle costing. Detailed design includes layout and specification of modules, racking, inverters, and other system components, as well as interconnection to building electric services or the utility grid. Imperia will provide necessary electrical, civil, and structural engineering services for both roof mounted and ground mounted systems. Imperia also has experience with renewable utility-scale energy storage systems.

Biomass

Biomass can be defined as regenerative organic material that can be used to produce energy. Biomass fuel sources include vegetation, residues from forestry or agriculture, animal waste and municipal waste. In other words, biomass fuel sources originate from crops, wood, manure, landfill gasses and alcohol fuels. Imperia has the capability to leverage our expertise in fossil generation, material handling and renewable energy systems to provide full service engineering associated with Biomass plants.

Balance of Plant Design

Our clients are seeking alternative solutions to their energy challenges. At the request of the client, there are times where modifications to existing systems or equipment will yield better results rather than changing the entire system. For Imperia, finding the optimal solution for our clients is what we do best.

For example, one of our cogeneration clients wanted to recover energy from excess steam production no longer being utilized. Imperia developed a comprehensive assessment of the existing heat & mass balance and determined the optimum size and selection of a new steam turbine generator to accept the excess steam and generate additional electrical power. We implemented the detailed design, construction management, and commissioning of the new system components for the project. Preserving our client’s assets and gaining better performance out of their existing systems are strategies we emphasize daily with our clients.

Our expertise in systems, components and materials means we can resolve these challenges quickly to maximize the value of a project and maintain the required levels of reliability and safety.

While some of our competitors simply issue plans and specifications, at Imperia we provide a complete solution, from design documents through system testing, maintenance, and training to provide a product to satisfy your customer, not merely your engineering or construction department.

Modifications to existing systems help companies preserve their assets while, at the same time, enhance the company’s productivity.

We have dealt with:

• Vibration problems
• Instrument and control systems
• Digital upgrades
• Piping systems
• Layout changes
• Equipment upgrades
• Equipment replacements
• Ash and Material Handling using Air Pollution Control Equipment changes as well as the elimination of Ash Ponds

Plant Decommissioning and Retirement

Imperia provides the highest quality services in all engineering disciplines to utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional customers.

Within Imperia, we have personnel with the expertise and experience needed to properly decommission a facility.

We can prepare the initial audit of the facility, and then develop the project plan. This is critical to defining projected manpower and project cost. When the actual decommissioning is ready to be started, we can provide personnel to execute the project successfully.

• Cost estimates and proposals
• Planning for safe shutdowns
• Determination of mothballing requirements
• Management of Change (MOC)
• Lockout and Tagout (LOTO)
• Regulatory and environmental requirements
• Plans for sale or scrapping of idled equipment
• Site specific OSHA engineering surveys
• Demolition planning and implementation

FAC Manager Fossil

The most advances FAC Program management tool in North America

FAC Manager is the most widely used software for flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) program management in North America, and the latest web-based version provides a reliable, customizable tool that incorporates two decades of experience.

This all in one solution is the most advanced FAC program management software available. FAC Manager is web-based software that helps utility engineers manage piping and component degradation. Initially deployed in the mid-1990’s, FAC Manager has been continually improved and updated, utilizing the inputs from power plant program engineers. The web-based application can be accessed from any computer with an Internet connection and current browser software.

FAC Manager’s powerful features increase the efficiency and savings of your program.

Get Organized

Multiple data sources are securely organized and consolidated into one location, promoting centralized program management and allowing for increased consistency across units and locations. With FAC Manager’s intuitive interface, information—from inspection files to risk analysis, from trouble reports to replacement histories—can easily be retrieved and used to prioritize inspections, decrease analysis time, and reduce the risk of failure in your plants.

Take Control

Your data—including drawings, documents, and reports—is always current. The cloud-based platform provides fast access to your information from anywhere without software installation or updating issues. FAC Manager’s built-in tools ensure that your program remains robust and facilitates the implementation of a proactive approach that minimizes risk and increases efficiency. Streamlined and intuitive, the program allows users to control how many of the functions and analysis operate to meet specific needs. Accurate, comprehensive risk ranking strengthens program safety while using resources effectively. Coupled with the Susceptibility Evaluation functionality, these tools help ensure that high risk areas are identified and prioritized based on your specific criteria.

Move Forward

Planning for the future has never been easier. FAC Manager’s Inspection Scope Builder is a powerful yet intuitive guide to efficient and thorough selection of inspection locations. The automated Fitness for Service calculations ensure that you know when each location needs to be re-inspected. More than two dozen built-in reports allow you to quickly extract needed information. Features such as Inspection Scope Builder assist in selecting inspections on lines that have the highest risk profile. This allows the user to focus inspection resources efficiently, where they are most needed.

Save Money

The comprehensive, customizable nature of the program streamlines implementation of your FAC Program, resulting in faster inspection scope selection, reduced inspections due to over-conservative component wear / wear rate evaluations, and more rapid return to service decisions during outages. Web enablement means less need for travel, maintenance, and technical support—further reducing costs.

Engineering Programs

Imperia provides services, software, and personnel to assist utilities extend the safe and reliable operation of their generation assets. We recognize the wide range of plant designs and operating histories requires flexibility and creativity in solution development. Our staff of industry-leading expert’s partner with utility personnel to design and implement innovative solutions customized to each unique situation.

Imperia offers services in the following areas:

Covered Piping Systems

Since 2007, the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code has included mandatory requirements on the Operations and Maintenance of Covered Piping Systems (CPS), formerly called High Energy Piping Systems. These new requirements place the responsibility for safe operation and maintenance of power piping on the operating company.  Imperia provides a full spectrum of services to help our fossil and combined cycle clients solve problems associated with Covered Piping Systems.

Our processes and management style leverage our diverse range of expertise and training to enable our team to deliver high value services including initial program development, inspection scope selection, traditional and advanced inspection services, cyclic program updates, and many other services.

There are a number of damage mechanisms affect Covered Piping Systems – Fatigue, Creep, External Corrosion (Corrosion under Insulation – CUI), and Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). The plant piping systems that generally fall under a CPS Program are:

• Main Steam System
• Hot Reheat System
• Cold Reheat System
• Auxiliary Steam System
• Boiler Blowdown System
• Boiler Feed System
• Heater Drain System
• Heater Vent System
• Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC)
• High Energy Piping (HEP)
• Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
• Piping Hangers and Supports

Imperia offers a comprehensive approach to assist the utilities with CPS Programs.  Imperia’s CPS Programs services draw on our number of years of utility experience, our knowledgeable engineering design staff, and our evaluation methodology which includes the latest industry trends.  Within the framework of this approach, we offer the following services:

Imperia’s Covered Piping Systems Services

• High Energy Piping Pipe Support Inspections
• Evaluation of Rigid and Variable Spring Supports
• Structural Evaluation of Piping Systems
• Material Testing Laboratory
• UT Inspections
• Inspection and Assessment of Welds, i.e. Dissimilar Welds, Welded Attachments, etc.
• Hardness Testing of Welds and Base Metal
• Spot Materials Verification Using X-Ray Fluoroscopy (XRF)
• Attemperator / Desuperheater Inspections., i.e. Hot Reheat, Auxiliary Steam, Superheater, Reheat Desuperheater
• Flow Acceleration Corrosion (FAC) Program
• Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) Program

High Energy Piping (HEP)

High Energy Piping (HEP) System Assessments involves the inspection and the evaluation of the piping, pipe supports, and welds of selected operating systems within the plant. The affected plant systems are systems that operate at high temperatures and / or high pressures.

There are a number of damage mechanisms that fall under a HEP Assessment – Fatigue, Creep, External Corrosion (Corrosion under Insulation – CUI), and Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC).

Imperia offers a comprehensive approach to assist the utilities with HEP Assessments. Imperia’s HEP Assessments draw on our number of years of utility experience, our knowledgeable engineering design staff, and our evaluation methodology which includes the latest industry trends.

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

A recent study found that Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) was responsible for over 60% of plant piping failures and the most difficult process to prevent. CUI results in unplanned shutdowns and overhauls that impair plant efficiency and increase operating costs.

Despite advancements in corrosion detection and mitigation techniques, plants continue to experience failures due to CUI. The primary contributing factor to continued CUI problems is the failure to develop and/or implement comprehensive inspection plans. Additionally, CUI often contributes to failures in areas not normally of concern for an inspection program.

Imperia offers a wide range of services to assist the utilities with CUI mitigation programs. Imperia’s services draw on our number of years of utility experience, our knowledgeable engineering design staff, and our evaluation methodology which includes the latest industry trends.

Imperia’s Corrosion Under Insulation Services

• Initial Scoping Walkdowns and Document Reviews
• Inspection Planning and Implementation
• Conventional and Advanced Nondestructive Testing
• Long-Term Mitigation Plan Development

Piping Hangers and Support Assessments

A piping hanger system functions to anchor, guide, restrain and distribute various loads of suspended piping among predetermined locations. Rigid supports restrict pipe movement during normal operation and snubbers are used to absorb shock under abnormal conditions such as water hammer. Spring supports, either variable or constant, accommodate loads and associated pipe movements that result from thermal expansions inherent to startup, shutdown and cyclic operations.

Adverse consequences arising from improper hanger performance include unpredictable stress and elevation changes within the suspended piping. Excess stress levels in piping systems are of chief concern. Crack propagation or even through-wall cracking develops from bending moments around the circumference of the pipe. This has the potential to result in sudden and catastrophic failure. Unsuspected changes in elevation arising from poor hanger performance can affect pipe pitch to an extent that drain lines may become ineffective or obsolete.  Ineffective draining may result in water hammer and or “flashing” both of which are potentially damaging to piping systems.

Visual hanger surveys are the key first step to assessing high energy piping system condition. Topped out, bottomed out or stagnant pipe supports are a sign of elevated stress, which is the contributing factor of numerous damage mechanisms.

A stress analysis is considered prudent when the hanger support walkdowns reveal that a large number of the pipe supports are not functioning as intended by the designer.

Imperia’s Piping Hangers and Supports Services

• Assessment planning and implementation services
• High Energy Piping Pipe Support Inspections
• Evaluation of Rigid and Variable Spring Supports
• Structural Evaluation of Piping Systems
• Condition trending and documentation

Technical Training

On-Site Training

Imperia is a nationally recognized engineering firm of highly skilled professionals and has been providing services to the utility and commercial industries since the mid-eighties.

Due to our vast experience in a variety of areas, we are able to bring the knowledge and skills to you. As your success depends on your ability to address day to day problems and issues, Imperia offers a number of in plant courses in our core areas that were developed for the plant engineer, technician, operations, or maintenance individual. These courses are designed to provide you the skills and knowledge needed to become more effective in your job. Some of the classes being offered are described below.

Protective Coatings Training

Imperia offers a three-day comprehensive protective coatings training course intended for personnel assigned technical responsibility for the plant’s protective coatings and linings program. It is equally useful to personnel with job responsibilities associated with specification, application, and inspection of protective coatings in the plant. This course also can be used to support certification as a Protective Coating Inspector to the requirements of ASTM D 4537. In addition to addressing protective coating basics, the training is customized to address the requirements of the respective power plant by integrating an applicable plant-specific safety- related coating specification and safety-related coating application procedure into the training.

Digital Engineering Fundamentals

These courses provide students with an overview of digital engineering fundamental knowledge:

• Life Cycle Process Overview (4 hrs)
• Platform Technology (4 hrs)
• Human Factors Engineering Fundamentals (4 hrs)
• Application Support Concepts (4 hrs)
• V&V / Testing Concepts (4 hrs)
• Network Technologies (10 hrs)

Digital Instrumentation Fundamentals

This one-day course, designed for engineers with an understanding of analog control systems provides students with an overview of the knowledge necessary to upgrade analog control systems to digital control systems. This course reviews the difference between analog and digital systems, as well as outlining the benefits and concerned associated with changing from an analog control system to a digital control system.

Flow Accelerated Corrosion

Imperia offers a range of training options from single day introductory/overview courses to five day in-depth workshops. Imperia also offers programs customized to meet a client’s specific needs. Our instructors are recognized as industry experts and have provided FAC training for multiple domestic and international utilities.

Our FAC training offerings include:

• Introduction to Flow Accelerated Corrosion (Non-Program Owner) – 1 Day
• Introduction to FAC and CHECWORKS™ SFA – 3 Days
• Advanced CHECWORKS™ SFA and Program Implementation – 3 Day
• Advanced FAC Program Owner Training – 5 Day
• Introduction to FAC Manager

Erosion Program Training

Imperia offers training programs for personnel involved in Erosion/Mechanical Degradation programs. Our offerings range from single day introductory/overview courses to five day in-depth workshops In-depth programs utilize EPRI’s CHECWORKS™ SFA erosion functionality and introduce the FAC Manager Erosion Bundle. Imperia also offers training programs customized to meet a client’s specific needs.

Our Erosion/Mechanical Degradation training offerings include:

• Introduction to Erosion/Mechanical Degradation (Non-Program Owner) – 1 Day
• Introduction to Erosion and CHECWORKS™ SFA – 3 Days
• Advanced CHECWORKS™ SFA and Erosion Program Implementation – 3 Day
• Advanced Erosion and FAC Program Integration Training – 5 Day

Failure Analysis

This course, geared toward System, Component, and Design Engineers, provides the basic concepts of component failure analysis, supplemented with case studies and samples of actual failures. Included is a description of how to recognize degradation mechanisms, indicators, and stressors as well as fundamentals of analytical techniques. These failure analysis concepts provide a foundation for failure prevention strategies.

DC Systems

DC power is essential to the operation of utility substations and generating plants. DC power is supplied to microprocessor based relays, SCADA RTUs, indicating lights, auxiliary relays, interposing relays, circuit breaker trip coils, circuit breaker closing coils, and circuit breaker charging motors, motor operated valves, emergency pumps, annunciators, and other components. This course is designed to demonstrate the process used to size lead acid batteries and battery chargers. This course includes evaluating DC load profiles and DC system performance during normal system operation, during loss of AC conditions, and during design base conditions with and without concurrent AC system events.

Course Outline (1-day course)

1. Introduction
2. Stationary Batteries

• Flooded Cell
• Valve Regulated

3. Battery and System Voltage

• Normal (float operation, normal battery voltage)
• Discharge (low voltage, minimum battery voltage)
• Equalize (high voltage, maximum battery voltage)
• System Voltage

4. Battery Load

• Continuous Loads
• Non-continuous Loads
• Momentary Loads
• Defined Loads
• Random Loads

5. Battery Load Profile
6. Battery Sizing Calculation
7. Battery Chargers
8. Battery Charger Sizing Calculation
9. Fuse Ratings
10. Load Characteristics

• Microprocessor Based Relays
• Lockout Relays
• Circuit Breaker Trip Coils
• Circuit Breaker Charging Motors

11. DC System Performance

• Normal Conditions, Battery in Float
• Momentary Load, Battery almost Fully Discharged (Low Voltage)
• Continuous Load, Battery Charger in Equalize Mode (High Voltage)

Protective Relaying for Power System Protection

Protective relaying is essential to the continued operation of electric transmission systems. This three day course focuses on protection of electrical transmission systems and components vital to the continued operation of the integrated power grid. The course will include perspectives gained from working with a wide variety of clients throughout the United States, including investor owned utilities, independent power providers, regional transmission operators, and equipment suppliers.

Course Outline:

1. Introduction
2. Basic Electrical Theory and Abnormal System Conditions
3. Instrument Transformers
4. Protection Fundamentals
5. Protective Relaying Applications
6. Case Studies – Discussion of Significant Events

Motor Theory and Applications

Motors are used in numerous applications in power plants and industrial facilities. This course presents material applicable to induction motors, synchronous motors, DC motors, and variable frequency drives. This includes basic electrical theory, such as equivalent circuits, and practical application data, such as breakdown torque.

Materials Consulting/Failure Analysis

Materials Science and Engineering Center (MS&EC) for Energy

Since 1986, Imperia’s materials expertise in the Energy Sector has supported customers in Industrial/Institutional, Nuclear Power, Oil & Gas, Power Generation, Power Delivery and Renewable services.

Our interdisciplinary team of engineers, scientists, and technical specialists matched with a top-notch laboratory provides us with unique capabilities that go beyond standard laboratory analyses in order to tackle challenging problems. The MS&EC team holds expertise in metallography, chemistry, polymer science, mechanical & electrical assessments and more.

The Materials Science and Engineering Center laboratory services lead failure investigations, root cause development, support process and materials changes, vendor changes, manufacturing outsourcing and product quality. Our services provide valuable advice for design, qualification, failure mitigation and prevention such as modifications, materials selection, operations, maintenance, or environment. Imperia’s technical services are compliant with 10CFR 50 Appendix B.

Our MS&EC services include:

• Failure Analysis
• Testing and Simulations
• Product Development Support
• Radioactive Materials Handling
• Materials Consulting
• Corrosion/Degradation Assessments
• Mechanical Testing

Failure Analysis

The MS&EC offers high end analysis and laboratory based testing services that focus on performing investigations and solving problems for our clients.  We emphasize a methodical approach that focuses on root cause analysis. Failure Analysis requires broad-based engineering skills, fundamental materials knowledge, forensic experience, and scientific objectivity. With our integrated engineering and laboratory capabilities, we offer a uniquely large expertise. Our team understands the necessity of a timely and responsive result to support tight deadlines and crisis management.

Where radioactive materials are utilized, the MS&EC is licensed to handle radioactively contaminated samples.

Testing and Simulations

Testing with custom made mock-up simulations are often used to solve complex engineering problems or to assess a material, system, structure or component.  This can be performed on-site or executed in the MS&EC laboratory. Our testing and analysis laboratory allows us to perform a wide range of laboratory testing including:

• Customer setups
• Prototype testing
• Accelerated aging
• Laboratory Investigations on a Wide Range of Materials—metals, polymers, bio-materials, composites, glass and ceramics, coatings, lubricants

Product Development Support

Designing or redesigning a product requires a thorough understanding of materials, components, and systems. Our experience with failure mechanisms for a multitude of products and materials in various industries gives our clients the edge to successfully develop their next product.  Whether the product is a critical spacecraft component or a toaster oven, safety, reliability, function and cost containment are critical issues designers and manufacturers must face. Our engineering and laboratory-based analytical tools allow us to effectively investigate these issues, provide independent assessments, appropriately simulate the product life cycle and develop focused recommendations. We offer:

• Custom setups and prototype testing
• Analysis of product failures or degradation
• Design of experiments for robust evaluations
• Comparative product analysis and testing
• Material selection, evaluation of components and systems
• Development of quality control setups and prototype testing
• Finite element stress, functionality, and system analyses
• Material  and  product qualification
• Complete design consulting services

Radioactive Materials Handling

Imperia’s Radioactive Materials Lab allows us to offer the full services of Imperia Laboratories to projects involving radioactive material. We are able to examine, test, analyze and investigate radioactive samples without requiring prior decontamination that could alter materials or remove evidence valuable to the analysis.

Materials Consulting

Decisions in the area of materials selection, usage, and processing are impacted by design, technical, and economic factors.  In order to be genuinely effective with these materials it is necessary to consider all of the components which affect your business.  Imperia has the experience, staff, and tools needed to help you make optimal materials decisions and to put your team on the path to better decision making.

We deliver the right combination of our strong, well-rounded engineering and scientific team together in the work we provide for our clients. A critical component of our problem-solving ability is our internal laboratory that allows us to integrate the material, design, and operational aspects of a problem, as well as to conduct testing and simulations.

Imperia brings to bear:

• A diverse range of experience in corrosion engineering and materials degradation, relying upon on-site field services and laboratory investigations.
• Broad-based engineering skills, integrated with materials knowledge and forensic techniques.
• A strong foundation in materials: ferrous and nonferrous metals, concrete, ceramics, elastomers, polymers, coatings, and lubricants.
• Testing components and materials during the design phase to avoid costly and time-consuming operational or product failures.
• Training and educating our clients in materials-related subjects, including corrosion, material selection, reliability improvement, aging assessments, and failure prevention.

Corrosion/Degradation Assessments

From failure analysis to materials selection, Imperia provides a diverse range of corrosion engineering and testing services. Imperia’s electrochemical capabilities enable the performance of tests such as polarization resistance, cyclic polarization, potentio-dynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under a wide range of environmental conditions.

Corrosion problems are a fundamental issue across all industries. Imperia’s extensive capabilities include:

• Electrochemical testing capabilities enabling the performance of tests under a wide range of environment conditions
• Customized tests to simulate process or field conditions
• Pilot scale or in-service studies for on-site evaluations.

Mechanical Testing

Imperia has the ability to develop fully customized fixtures for the evaluation of standard or non-standard samples and component testing. We have extensive experience in evaluating various sized and non-standardized prototypes, samples and components, designing unique customized tests with computer control and data acquisition, monitoring in-progress testing with details playback, and performing testing under a controlled temperature using an environmental chamber. Our mechanical testing capabilities include tensile, compression, bending, peel, burst, stress relaxation, fatigue, hardness testing and more.

Selected Analytical Tools

We have unmatched experience in condition and aging assessment, life extension, and materials testing and evaluation using tools such as:

• Metallography
• Polymer thermal and mechanical analysis
• Mechanical testing (low and high temperatures)
• Corrosion analysis and testing
• Electrical testing
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
• Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis
• Optical microscopy
• Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
• Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
• Chemical analysis
• Hardness and microhardness testing
• Polymer characterization & testing
• Product performance testing
• Specialized test fixtures
• Thermal aging

Staff Materials Expertise

• Materials selection and engineering
• Failure analysis
• Corrosion engineering
• Regulatory compliance
• Adhesives
• Formulation
• Research and Development
• Intellectual Property
• Mechanical testing
• Electrical insulation materials
• Coatings
• Stress analysis
• Fracture mechanics
• Fractography
• Material and component degradation
• Electrical components